:root {
    --publication-reading-width: 760px;
    --publication-wide-width: 1160px;
}

.publication-page,
.publication-index {
    background: var(--bg-warm, #fbfaf7);
    color: var(--text-main, #17233b);
}

.publication-container {
    width: min(calc(100% - 40px), var(--publication-wide-width));
    margin-inline: auto;
}

.publication-reading-container {
    width: min(calc(100% - 40px), var(--publication-reading-width));
    margin-inline: auto;
}

.publication-hero {
    padding: clamp(52px, 8vw, 100px) 0 42px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 85% 12%, rgba(4, 127, 134, .13), transparent 35%),
        linear-gradient(180deg, #fff, var(--bg-warm, #fbfaf7));
}

[dir="rtl"] .publication-hero {
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 15% 12%, rgba(4, 127, 134, .13), transparent 35%),
        linear-gradient(180deg, #fff, var(--bg-warm, #fbfaf7));
}

.publication-breadcrumbs {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.publication-breadcrumbs a:hover { color: var(--teal, #047f86); }

.publication-kicker {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    color: var(--teal, #047f86);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

[dir="rtl"] .publication-kicker {
    letter-spacing: 0;
}

.publication-title {
    max-width: 1050px;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a);
    font-family: 'Tajawal', system-ui, sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(38px, 6vw, 72px);
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: -.025em;
    line-height: 1.06;
}

[dir="rtl"] .publication-title {
    letter-spacing: 0;
    line-height: 1.25;
}

.publication-subtitle {
    max-width: 880px;
    margin: 24px 0 0;
    color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85);
    font-size: clamp(19px, 2.5vw, 27px);
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.publication-authors-inline {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px 18px;
    margin-top: 28px;
    color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 900;
}

.publication-author-name { position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: baseline; }
.publication-author-reference {
    position: relative;
    top: -.08em;
    align-self: flex-start;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--teal, #047f86);
    font-size: .68em;
    font-weight: 900;
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: .02em;
    direction: ltr;
    unicode-bidi: isolate;
}
.publication-corresponding-mark { color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); }
.publication-author-trigger {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    padding: 0 0 2px;
    border: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted currentColor;
    background: transparent;
    color: inherit;
    font: inherit;
    cursor: pointer;
}
.publication-author-trigger:hover { color: var(--teal, #047f86); }
.publication-author-trigger:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid rgba(4, 127, 134, .22); outline-offset: 4px; border-radius: 2px; }
.publication-author-popover {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 80;
    inset-inline-start: 0;
    top: calc(100% + 12px);
    display: grid;
    width: min(370px, calc(100vw - 32px));
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 18px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(7, 29, 58, .2);
    color: var(--text-main, #17233b);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.65;
    text-align: start;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(7px);
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity .18s ease, transform .18s ease, visibility .18s ease;
}
.publication-author-popover::before {
    position: absolute;
    inset-inline-start: 18px;
    top: -7px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-block-start: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
    border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
    background: #fff;
    content: '';
    transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.publication-author-name.popover-align-opposite .publication-author-popover { inset-inline-start: auto; inset-inline-end: 0; }
.publication-author-name.popover-align-opposite .publication-author-popover::before { inset-inline-start: auto; inset-inline-end: 18px; }
.publication-author-name:hover .publication-author-popover,
.publication-author-name:focus-within .publication-author-popover,
.publication-author-name.is-popover-open .publication-author-popover {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
}
.publication-author-popover-name { color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-size: 18px; font-weight: 900; }
.publication-author-popover-heading { color: var(--teal, #047f86); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 900; }
.publication-author-popover-list { display: grid; gap: 7px; }
.publication-author-popover-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.5em minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 8px; align-items: start; }
.publication-affiliations { max-width: 980px; margin-top: 18px; border-block: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); }
.publication-affiliations summary { padding: 12px 0; color: var(--teal, #047f86); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 900; cursor: pointer; }
.publication-affiliation-list { display: grid; gap: 7px; margin: 0; padding: 4px 0 14px; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.65; list-style: none; }
.publication-affiliation-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.5em minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 8px; align-items: start; }
.publication-affiliation-marker { color: var(--teal, #047f86); font-weight: 900; text-align: center; direction: ltr; }

.publication-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px 24px;
    margin-top: 24px;
    color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.publication-meta span,
.publication-meta a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.publication-meta a { color: var(--teal, #047f86); }

.publication-featured {
    margin: 42px 0 0;
}

.publication-featured img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: 700px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 24px 65px rgba(7, 29, 58, .13);
}

.publication-featured figcaption {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 8px 20px;
    padding-top: 11px;
    color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85);
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.publication-actions {
    position: sticky;
    top: 98px;
    z-index: 20;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 13px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
    background: rgba(251, 250, 247, .94);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.publication-action {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    min-height: 42px;
    padding: 9px 15px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
    border-radius: 5px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a);
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 900;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.publication-action.primary {
    border-color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a);
    background: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a);
    color: #fff;
}

.publication-action:hover {
    border-color: var(--teal, #047f86);
    background: var(--teal, #047f86);
    color: #fff;
}

.publication-body {
    padding: clamp(48px, 7vw, 88px) 0 96px;
}

.publication-prose {
    color: #1c2a3e;
    font-family: 'Tajawal', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: clamp(18px, 2vw, 21px);
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 2;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

[dir="ltr"] .publication-prose {
    font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
    line-height: 1.85;
}

.publication-prose > *:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.publication-prose p { margin: 0 0 1.45em; }
.publication-prose h2,
.publication-prose h3,
.publication-prose h4 {
    color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a);
    font-family: 'Tajawal', system-ui, sans-serif;
    font-weight: 900;
    line-height: 1.3;
}
.publication-prose h2 { margin: 2.15em 0 .7em; font-size: clamp(29px, 4vw, 42px); }
.publication-prose h3 { margin: 1.8em 0 .65em; font-size: clamp(23px, 3vw, 31px); }
.publication-prose h4 { margin: 1.5em 0 .6em; font-size: 20px; }
.publication-prose a { color: var(--teal, #047f86); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.publication-prose strong { color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); }
.publication-prose ul,
.publication-prose ol { margin: 1.2em 0 1.6em; padding-inline-start: 1.6em; }
.publication-prose ul { list-style: disc; }
.publication-prose ol { list-style: decimal; }
.publication-prose li { margin-bottom: .45em; }
.publication-prose blockquote {
    margin: 2em 0;
    padding: 12px 0 12px 28px;
    border-inline-start: 5px solid var(--orange, #e97922);
    color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a);
    font-size: 1.25em;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.65;
}
.publication-prose figure { margin: 2.4em max(-80px, calc((var(--publication-reading-width) - 100vw) / 2)); }
.publication-prose img { display: block; width: auto; max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin-inline: auto; border-radius: 6px; }
.publication-prose figcaption,
.publication-prose figure .publication-caption { margin-top: 9px; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-family: 'Tajawal', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.6; }
.publication-prose figure h2,
.publication-prose figure h3,
.publication-prose figure h4 { margin: 9px 0 0; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.6; }
.publication-prose table { display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2em 0; overflow-x: auto; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Tajawal', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; }
.publication-prose th,
.publication-prose td { padding: 11px 13px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); text-align: start; }
.publication-prose th { background: var(--bg-soft, #f4f8fb); color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); }

.academic-shell {
    width: min(calc(100% - 40px), 1040px);
    margin-inline: auto;
}

.academic-header {
    padding: clamp(48px, 7vw, 82px) 0 34px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
}

.academic-header .publication-title { max-width: 920px; font-size: clamp(36px, 5vw, 61px); }
.academic-content-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 740px) minmax(200px, 1fr); gap: 54px; align-items: start; padding: 56px 0 90px; }
.academic-content-grid.without-aside { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 840px); }
.academic-aside { position: sticky; top: 170px; display: grid; gap: 14px; }
.publication-corresponding-card { padding: 20px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.75; }
.publication-corresponding-title { display: block; margin-bottom: 3px; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); }
.publication-corresponding-names { display: grid; gap: 2px; }
.publication-corresponding-author { display: block; }
.publication-corresponding-standalone { width: min(100%, 290px); margin: 0 0 34px auto; }
[dir="rtl"] .publication-corresponding-standalone { margin-right: auto; margin-left: 0; }

.publication-section { margin-top: 48px; }
.publication-section:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.publication-section-title { margin: 0 0 19px; color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-size: 28px; font-weight: 900; }
.publication-abstract { padding: 25px 28px; border-inline-start: 5px solid var(--teal, #047f86); background: #fff; color: #26364d; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.9; }
.publication-references { direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
.publication-references-list { display: grid; gap: 14px; margin: 0; padding-inline-start: 2em; }
.publication-references-list li { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 14px .35em; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); }
.publication-references-list li::marker { color: var(--teal, #047f86); font-family: 'Tajawal', sans-serif; font-weight: 900; }
.publication-references-list p { display: inline; margin: 0; }

.author-profile-list { display: grid; gap: 14px; }
.author-profile {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 58px 1fr;
    gap: 15px;
    padding: 18px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef);
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: #fff;
}
.author-photo,
.author-photo-placeholder { width: 58px; height: 58px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; }
.author-photo-placeholder { display: grid; place-items: center; background: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); color: #fff; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 900; }
.author-profile h3 { margin: 0 0 3px; color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-size: 17px; }
.author-profile .affiliation { color: var(--teal, #047f86); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; }
.author-profile p { margin: 7px 0 0; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; }

.related-publications { padding-top: 55px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); }
.related-publications h2 { margin: 0 0 22px; color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-size: 30px; font-weight: 900; }
.publication-card-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 18px; }
.publication-card { display: flex; min-height: 100%; flex-direction: column; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); border-radius: 7px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 12px 34px rgba(7, 29, 58, .05); }
.publication-card-media { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; overflow: hidden; background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-navy, #071d3a), var(--teal, #047f86)); }
.publication-card-media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .3s ease; }
.publication-card:hover .publication-card-media img { transform: scale(1.025); }
.publication-card-body { display: flex; flex: 1; flex-direction: column; padding: 20px; }
.publication-card-type { color: var(--teal, #047f86); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.publication-card h3 { margin: 10px 0; color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-size: 20px; font-weight: 900; line-height: 1.4; }
.publication-card p { margin: 0 0 18px; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; }
.publication-card-meta { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; margin-top: auto; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; }

.peer-hero { padding-bottom: 0; }
.peer-featured { margin-top: 42px; }
.peer-abstract { padding: clamp(48px, 7vw, 82px) 0 94px; }
.peer-abstract .publication-prose { font-size: 19px; }

.publication-comments { margin-top: 64px; padding-top: 42px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); }
.publication-comments > h2 { margin: 0 0 24px; color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-size: 30px; font-weight: 900; }
.publication-comment-notice { margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 13px 16px; border: 1px solid; border-radius: 7px; font-weight: 700; }
.publication-comment-notice.success { border-color: #86efac; color: #166534; background: #f0fdf4; }
.publication-comment-notice.error { border-color: #fca5a5; color: #991b1b; background: #fef2f2; }
.publication-comment-list { display: grid; gap: 14px; }
.publication-comment { padding: 20px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); border-radius: 7px; background: #fff; }
.publication-comment.is-pending { border-style: dashed; border-color: #f59e0b; background: #fffbeb; }
.publication-comment.is-rejected { border-color: #fca5a5; background: #fef2f2; }
.publication-comment header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); }
.publication-comment-meta { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 10px; }
.publication-comment-status { padding: 4px 9px; border-radius: 999px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 900; }
.publication-comment-status.pending { color: #92400e; background: #fef3c7; }
.publication-comment-status.rejected { color: #991b1b; background: #fee2e2; }
.publication-comment time, .publication-comment-empty { color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 13px; }
.publication-comment p { margin: 12px 0 0; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.8; }
.publication-comment-moderation { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-top: 14px; }
.publication-comment-moderation button { padding: 8px 13px; border: 0; border-radius: 5px; color: #fff; background: #166534; font: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; cursor: pointer; }
.publication-comment-moderation button.reject { background: #b91c1c; }
.publication-comment-form { display: grid; gap: 10px; margin-top: 28px; }
.publication-comment-form label { color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-weight: 900; }
.publication-comment-form textarea { width: 100%; padding: 13px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); border-radius: 6px; font: inherit; resize: vertical; }
.publication-comment-form .publication-action { justify-self: start; }
.publication-comment-form small, .publication-comment-login { color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); }
.publication-comment-login a { color: var(--teal, #047f86); font-weight: 800; }

.publication-index { padding: 68px 0 96px; }
.publication-index-header { max-width: 820px; margin-bottom: 42px; }
.publication-index-header h1 { margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--primary-navy, #071d3a); font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 68px); font-weight: 900; line-height: 1.1; }
.publication-index-header p { margin: 0; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75; }
.publication-empty { padding: 34px; border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, #dfe7ef); border-radius: 7px; background: #fff; color: var(--text-muted, #5f6f85); font-weight: 750; text-align: center; }
.publication-pagination { margin-top: 30px; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .academic-content-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
    .academic-aside { position: static; }
    .publication-card-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .publication-actions { position: static; }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .publication-container,
    .publication-reading-container,
    .academic-shell { width: min(calc(100% - 28px), var(--publication-wide-width)); }
    .publication-title { font-size: 36px; }
    .publication-card-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .publication-actions { align-items: stretch; }
    .publication-action { flex: 1; }
    .publication-prose figure { margin-inline: 0; }
    .publication-featured figcaption { display: block; }
    .publication-author-popover {
        position: fixed;
        inset: auto 14px 18px;
        width: auto;
        max-height: min(70vh, 460px);
        overflow-y: auto;
        transform: translateY(14px);
    }
    .publication-author-popover::before { display: none; }
}